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Vitiligo causes your skin to lose color and pigmentation. Smooth white or light regions, known as macules or patches, emerge on your skin. It usually starts with your hands, forearms, feet, and face.
Around 1% of the world’s population has vitiligo. Treatment is not required, however, it is an option if you do not like the changes in your skin tone.
Vitiligo is a distinct and sometimes misunderstood skin disorder characterized by the appearance of prominent white patches on the skin’s surface. These patches are the consequence of the slow loss of melanocytes, which are specialized cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives our skin, hair, and eyes their color. When melanocytes are injured or stop functioning, patches of depigmentation appear, resulting in a mosaic of light against the backdrop of natural skin tone.
Types of Vitiligo
Vitiligo is divided into several categories based on the location and pattern of depigmentation on the skin. There are two forms of vitiligo: non-segmental (sometimes called generalized) and segmental.
1. Non-segmental or generalized vitiligo:
Non-segmental vitiligo often has a symmetrical distribution, affecting both sides of the body.
2. Segmental Vitiligo:
Asymmetrical Distribution : Depigmentation occurs on one side of the body. It is frequently limited to a single location and does not always impact both sides equally.
Onset : Segmental vitiligo usually starts in infancy or youth.
Segmental vitiligo is less prevalent compared to non-segmental vitiligo.
3. Mixed or Combined Vitiligo:
Some individuals may have both non-segmental and segmental vitiligo, resulting in a mixed or combined appearance.
Symptoms of vitiligo
Vitiligo symptoms include patches of skin or mucous membranes losing their color. These may seem whiter or lighter than your real skin tone.Vitiligo symptoms include patches of skin or mucous membranes losing their color. These may seem whiter or lighter than your real skin tone.
Some hair on your body may become silver, gray, or white.
Symptoms can range from moderate to severe, affecting a significant region of your skin. Some persons with vitiligo have itchy skin before depigmentation occurs.
Vitiligo often affects the following skin areas:
Mouth and eyes, fingers and wrists, armpits, groin, genitals, and inside the mouth.
Causes of Vitiligo
Vitiligo develops when pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) die or cease generating melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of your skin, hair, and eyes. The affected regions of the skin get lighter or white. It is unclear what causes the pigment cells to fail or die. Possible causes include immune system disorders (autoimmune).
- Family history (heredity)
- Trigger event, such as stress, intense sunburn, or skin damage (e.g., chemical contact)
Is vitiligo a genetic condition?
While a study is underway to discover more about the origins of vitiligo, studies show that around 30% of cases are inherited. This suggests that the disorder is inherited, and you may inherit vitiligo from your biological relatives. Several potential genetic alterations influence how melanocyte cells behave. Vitiligo symptoms occur when a hereditary mutation attacks the cells that provide color to your skin.
Is vitiligo painful?
No, vitiligo is not painful. However, unpleasant sunburns can occur on lighter spots of vitiligo-affected skin. It is critical to protect oneself from the sun by applying sunscreen, avoiding exposure during peak hours, and wearing protective clothes.
What to expect if I have vitiligo?
Vitiligo alters your look and might influence how you feel about your skin in social circumstances. Many people find comfort in discussing with a mental health expert to boost their confidence and self-esteem.
There is no cure for vitiligo, but if you choose to receive treatment, your healthcare professional will help you pick the best option for you and your skin.
The diagnosis of vitiligo
A dermatologist, a specialist healthcare expert who focuses on skin diseases, conducts a thorough examination to diagnose vitiligo. The diagnosis is normally made using clinical observations, medical history, and, in certain situations, further testing.
1. Clinical Examination:
- Observation of Skin Changes: The dermatologist will look for symptoms of vitiligo, such as depigmented or white patches.
- Distribution of Patches: Vitiligo often affects symmetrical areas on both sides of the body, thus it’s important to examine the distribution of patches.
2. Medical History:
- Family History: A family history of vitiligo or other autoimmune diseases is crucial, as the illness is genetically inherited.
- Understanding the onset and progression of depigmentation can aid in proper diagnosis.
3. Blood Tests:
- To rule out other disorders that might cause depigmentation or evaluate autoimmune signs. This can assist in guaranteeing a correct diagnosis.
4. Skin Biopsy:
- In rare circumstances, a skin biopsy may be recommended. However, this is not a normal operation and is often used when the diagnosis is questionable or to rule out other skin disorders.
How is Vitiligo treated?
Vitiligo therapy tries to control the disorder, improve skin appearance, and, in certain circumstances, stimulate pigmentation. It’s crucial to know that there is no cure for vitiligo, and the efficiency of treatments varies across individuals. The level of depigmentation, the rate of advancement, and the individual’s preferences all influence treatment decisions.
Vitiligo does not require treatment because it is not detrimental to the body and is only cosmetic. If you have extensive vitiligo or your physical symptoms are interfering with your mental well-being, your healthcare practitioner can assist you in determining a treatment choice to achieve a uniform skin tone by either restoring color (repigmentation) or eradicating the residual color (depigmentation) in your skin. Common treatments for vitiligo include:
- Medications
- Light treatment
- Depigmentation treatment
- Surgery
- Counseling
How can I avoid vitiligo?
There is no known technique to avoid vitiligo because it might have a variety of causes. You can decrease your chances of acquiring vitiligo by:
- Maintaining healthy sun exposure behaviors.
- Use moisturizer every day to maintain healthy skin.
- Preventing stress and harm to your body.
- Manage any underlying autoimmune disorders.
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